Temporary carriage of bovine coronavirus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus by fomites and human nasal mucosa after exposure to infected calves
Identifieur interne : 000689 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000688; suivant : 000690Temporary carriage of bovine coronavirus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus by fomites and human nasal mucosa after exposure to infected calves
Auteurs : Veslem Y Sunniva Oma [Norvège] ; Thea Klem [Norvège] ; Madeleine Tr Vén [Suède] ; Stefan Alenius [Suède] ; Britt Gjerset [Norvège] ; Mette Myrmel [Norvège] ; Maria Stokstad [Norvège]Source :
- BMC Veterinary Research [ 1746-6148 ] ; 2018.
Abstract
In order to prevent spread of the endemic pathogens bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) between herds, knowledge of indirect transmission by personnel and fomites is fundamental. The aims of the study were to determine the duration of viral RNA carriage and the infectivity of viral particles on fomites and human nasal mucosa after exposure to BCoV and BRSV. During two animal infection experiments, swabs were collected from personnel (nasal mucosa) and their clothes, boots and equipment after contact with calves shedding either virus. Viral RNA was quantified by RT-qPCR or droplet digital RT-PCR (RT-ddPCR), and selected samples with high levels of viral RNA were tested by cell culture for infectivity.
For BCoV, 46% (
The results indicate that human nasal mucosa can carry both BCoV and BRSV RNA after exposure to virus shedding calves, but the carriage seems short-lived and the transmission potential is likely limited. High viral loads on contaminates fomites 24 h after exposure to infected animals, and detection of infective BCoV, indicate that contaminated fomites represent a significant risk for indirect transmission between herds.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1335-1
PubMed: 29357935
PubMed Central: 5778652
Affiliations:
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Box 8146 Dep, 0033 Oslo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oslo</settlement><region nuts="2">Østlandet</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tr Ven, Madeleine" sort="Tr Ven, Madeleine" uniqKey="Tr Ven M" first="Madeleine" last="Tr Vén">Madeleine Tr Vén</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 8578 2742</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.6341.0</institution-id><institution>Department of Clinical Sciences,</institution><institution>Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,</institution></institution-wrap>75007 Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>75007 Uppsala</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alenius, Stefan" sort="Alenius, Stefan" uniqKey="Alenius S" first="Stefan" last="Alenius">Stefan Alenius</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 8578 2742</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.6341.0</institution-id><institution>Department of Clinical Sciences,</institution><institution>Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,</institution></institution-wrap>75007 Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>75007 Uppsala</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gjerset, Britt" sort="Gjerset, Britt" uniqKey="Gjerset B" first="Britt" last="Gjerset">Britt Gjerset</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9542 2193</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.410549.d</institution-id><institution>Norwegian Veterinary Institute,</institution></institution-wrap>P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo, Norway</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oslo</settlement><region nuts="2">Østlandet</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Myrmel, Mette" sort="Myrmel, Mette" uniqKey="Myrmel M" first="Mette" last="Myrmel">Mette Myrmel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0607 975X</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.19477.3c</institution-id><institution>Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology,</institution><institution>Norwegian University of Life Sciences,</institution></institution-wrap>P.O. Box 8146 Dep, 0033 Oslo, Norway</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>P.O. Box 8146 Dep, 0033 Oslo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oslo</settlement><region nuts="2">Østlandet</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stokstad, Maria" sort="Stokstad, Maria" uniqKey="Stokstad M" first="Maria" last="Stokstad">Maria Stokstad</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0607 975X</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.19477.3c</institution-id><institution>Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences,</institution><institution>Norwegian University of Life Sciences,</institution></institution-wrap>P.O. Box 8146 Dep, 0033 Oslo, Norway</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>P.O. 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Box 8146 Dep, 0033 Oslo, Norway</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>P.O. Box 8146 Dep, 0033 Oslo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oslo</settlement><region nuts="2">Østlandet</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klem, Thea" sort="Klem, Thea" uniqKey="Klem T" first="Thea" last="Klem">Thea Klem</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0607 975X</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.19477.3c</institution-id><institution>Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences,</institution><institution>Norwegian University of Life Sciences,</institution></institution-wrap>P.O. Box 8146 Dep, 0033 Oslo, Norway</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>P.O. Box 8146 Dep, 0033 Oslo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oslo</settlement><region nuts="2">Østlandet</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tr Ven, Madeleine" sort="Tr Ven, Madeleine" uniqKey="Tr Ven M" first="Madeleine" last="Tr Vén">Madeleine Tr Vén</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 8578 2742</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.6341.0</institution-id><institution>Department of Clinical Sciences,</institution><institution>Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,</institution></institution-wrap>75007 Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>75007 Uppsala</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alenius, Stefan" sort="Alenius, Stefan" uniqKey="Alenius S" first="Stefan" last="Alenius">Stefan Alenius</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 8578 2742</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.6341.0</institution-id><institution>Department of Clinical Sciences,</institution><institution>Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,</institution></institution-wrap>75007 Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>75007 Uppsala</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gjerset, Britt" sort="Gjerset, Britt" uniqKey="Gjerset B" first="Britt" last="Gjerset">Britt Gjerset</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9542 2193</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.410549.d</institution-id><institution>Norwegian Veterinary Institute,</institution></institution-wrap>P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo, Norway</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oslo</settlement><region nuts="2">Østlandet</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Myrmel, Mette" sort="Myrmel, Mette" uniqKey="Myrmel M" first="Mette" last="Myrmel">Mette Myrmel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0607 975X</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.19477.3c</institution-id><institution>Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology,</institution><institution>Norwegian University of Life Sciences,</institution></institution-wrap>P.O. Box 8146 Dep, 0033 Oslo, Norway</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>P.O. Box 8146 Dep, 0033 Oslo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oslo</settlement><region nuts="2">Østlandet</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stokstad, Maria" sort="Stokstad, Maria" uniqKey="Stokstad M" first="Maria" last="Stokstad">Maria Stokstad</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0607 975X</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.19477.3c</institution-id><institution>Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences,</institution><institution>Norwegian University of Life Sciences,</institution></institution-wrap>P.O. Box 8146 Dep, 0033 Oslo, Norway</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>P.O. Box 8146 Dep, 0033 Oslo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oslo</settlement><region nuts="2">Østlandet</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMC Veterinary Research</title><idno type="eISSN">1746-6148</idno><imprint><date when="2018">2018</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p id="Par1">In order to prevent spread of the endemic pathogens bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) between herds, knowledge of indirect transmission by personnel and fomites is fundamental. The aims of the study were to determine the duration of viral RNA carriage and the infectivity of viral particles on fomites and human nasal mucosa after exposure to BCoV and BRSV. During two animal infection experiments, swabs were collected from personnel (nasal mucosa) and their clothes, boots and equipment after contact with calves shedding either virus. Viral RNA was quantified by RT-qPCR or droplet digital RT-PCR (RT-ddPCR), and selected samples with high levels of viral RNA were tested by cell culture for infectivity.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p id="Par2">For BCoV, 46% (<italic>n</italic> = 80) of the swabs from human nasal mucosa collected 30 min after exposure were positive by RT-qPCR. After two, four and six hours, 15%, 5% and 0% of the swabs were positive, respectively. Infective virions were not detected in mucosal swabs (<italic>n</italic> = 2). A high viral RNA load was detected on 97% (<italic>n</italic> = 44) of the fomites 24 h after exposure, and infective virions were detected in two of three swabs. For BRSV, 35% (<italic>n</italic> = 26) of the human nasal mucosa swabs collected 30 min after exposure, were positive by RT-ddPCR, but none were positive for infective virions. Of the fomites, 89% (<italic>n</italic> = 38) were positive for BRSV RNA 24 h after exposure, but all were negative for infective viruses.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p id="Par3">The results indicate that human nasal mucosa can carry both BCoV and BRSV RNA after exposure to virus shedding calves, but the carriage seems short-lived and the transmission potential is likely limited. High viral loads on contaminates fomites 24 h after exposure to infected animals, and detection of infective BCoV, indicate that contaminated fomites represent a significant risk for indirect transmission between herds.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tr Ven, M" uniqKey="Tr Ven M">M Tråvén</name></author><author><name sortKey="N Slund, K" uniqKey="N Slund K">K Näslund</name></author><author><name sortKey="Linde, N" uniqKey="Linde N">N Linde</name></author><author><name sortKey="Linde, B" uniqKey="Linde B">B Linde</name></author><author><name sortKey="Silvan, A" uniqKey="Silvan A">A Silván</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fossum, C" uniqKey="Fossum C">C Fossum</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hedlund, Ko" uniqKey="Hedlund K">KO Hedlund</name></author><author><name sortKey="Larsson, B" uniqKey="Larsson B">B Larsson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name 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Morgenstern</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bauer, G" uniqKey="Bauer G">G Bauer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Preiser, W" uniqKey="Preiser W">W Preiser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Doerr, Hw" uniqKey="Doerr H">HW Doerr</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mullis, L" uniqKey="Mullis L">L Mullis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Saif, Lj" uniqKey="Saif L">LJ Saif</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Y" uniqKey="Zhang Y">Y Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, X" uniqKey="Zhang X">X Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Azevedo, Ms" uniqKey="Azevedo M">MS Azevedo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ohlson, A" uniqKey="Ohlson A">A Ohlson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Emanuelson, U" uniqKey="Emanuelson U">U Emanuelson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tr Ven, M" uniqKey="Tr Ven M">M Tråvén</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alenius, S" uniqKey="Alenius S">S Alenius</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Norvège</li><li>Suède</li></country><region><li>Østlandet</li></region><settlement><li>Oslo</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Norvège"><region name="Østlandet"><name sortKey="Oma, Veslem Y Sunniva" sort="Oma, Veslem Y Sunniva" uniqKey="Oma V" first="Veslem Y Sunniva" last="Oma">Veslem Y Sunniva Oma</name></region><name sortKey="Gjerset, Britt" sort="Gjerset, Britt" uniqKey="Gjerset B" first="Britt" last="Gjerset">Britt Gjerset</name><name sortKey="Klem, Thea" sort="Klem, Thea" uniqKey="Klem T" first="Thea" last="Klem">Thea Klem</name><name sortKey="Myrmel, Mette" sort="Myrmel, Mette" uniqKey="Myrmel M" first="Mette" last="Myrmel">Mette Myrmel</name><name sortKey="Stokstad, Maria" sort="Stokstad, Maria" uniqKey="Stokstad M" first="Maria" last="Stokstad">Maria Stokstad</name></country><country name="Suède"><noRegion><name sortKey="Tr Ven, Madeleine" sort="Tr Ven, Madeleine" uniqKey="Tr Ven M" first="Madeleine" last="Tr Vén">Madeleine Tr Vén</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Alenius, Stefan" sort="Alenius, Stefan" uniqKey="Alenius S" first="Stefan" last="Alenius">Stefan Alenius</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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